"This study provides important new evidence that higher levels of sitting time have a deleterious impact on insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation in women but not men and that this effect is seen regardless of how much exercise is undertaken. This suggests that women who meet the national recommendations of 30 minutes of exercise a day may still be compromising their health if they are seated for the rest of the day.
On May 16, 2008 I was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 20. I had all the classic symptoms of thirst and weight loss, tested positive for all the autoantibodies and had an AlC of 14%.
On January 8, 2009 I eliminated grain, dairy, and legumes from my diet and the results have been remarkable. Only after a few weeks my insulin needs dropped dramatically and after six months on the diet I quit taking insulin altogether.
AUGUSTA, Ga. – People with schizophrenia are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, Medical College of Georgia researchers have found.
In a study of 50 people newly-diagnosed with schizophrenia or a related psychotic disorder with no other known risk factors, 16 percent had either diabetes or an abnormal rate of glucose metabolism, says Dr. Brian Kirkpatrick, vice chair of the MCG Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior. In a similar size control group of people without schizophrenia, none had signs of or had developed the disease.
People with diabetes cannot produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that converts glucose, starches and other food into energy.
Rather than slaving away for hours in the gym, people should focus their attention on quick "sprints" with each workout lasting just a few minutes.
James Timmons, Heriot-Watt University professor of exercise biology has studied the effects of quick exercise.
He recommends 4 x 30 second sprints on an exercise bike three times a week.
He said people could reduce their risk of diabetes and heart disease substantially with short, intense workouts - with such "time-efficient" exercising appealing to busy workers.
Background
Classic, long duration aerobic exercise reduces cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk but this involves a substantial time commitment. Extremely low volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) has recently been shown to cause similar improvements to aerobic performance, but it has not been established whether HIT has the capacity to improve glycemic control.
Methods
Sixteen young men (age: 21+/-2 y; BMI: 23.7+/-3.1 kg * m-2; VO2peak: 48+/-9 ml * kg-1 * min-1) performed 2 weeks of supervised HIT comprising of a total of 15 min of exercise (6 sessions; 4-6 x 30-s cycle sprints per session). Aerobic performance (250-kJ self-paced cycling time trial), and glucose, insulin and NEFA responses to a 75-g oral glucose load (oral glucose tolerance test; OGTT) were determined before and after training.
Results
Following 2 weeks of HIT, the area under the plasma glucose, insulin and NEFA concentration-time curves were all reduced (12%, 37%, 26% respectively, all P<0.001). p="0.058)." style="font-weight: bold;">Conclusions
The efficacy of a high intensity exercise protocol, involving only ~250 kcal work each week, to substantially improve insulin action in young sedentary subjects is remarkable. We feel this novel time-efficient training paradigm can be used as a strategy to reduce metabolic risk factors in young and middle aged sedentary populations who otherwise would not adhere to a classic high volume, time consuming exercise regimes.
"Think about diabetes as being glucose circulating in the blood rather than stored in the muscles where it should be.
"If we take out the glycogen from the muscles through exercise, then the muscles draw in that excess glucose from the blood."
"If you go for a jog or a run you oxidise glycogen but you are not depleting the glycogen in your muscles.
"The only way to get to this glycogen is through very intense contractions of the muscles.
"If we can get people in their 20s, 30s and 40s doing these exercises twice a week then it could have a very dramatic effect on the future prevalence of diabetes."
There are many good reasons to avoid the fruit sugar, fructose, but all you need is one: type 2 diabetes. And even worse that fruit itself that ubiquitous additive to many processed foods — high fructose corn syrup.
A recent study highlighted diabetes and all the other key reasons why it's a healthy idea to avoid this truly awful component of processed foods and soft drinks.
Long-term exposure of normal rats to a fructose-enriched diet or drinking water is currently used as an animal model for experimental insulin resistance.
all members of the Nutrition & Metabolism Society, an organization committed to "providing research, information and education in the application of fundamental science to nutrition. The Society is particularly dedicated to the incorporation of biochemical metabolism to problems of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
protective against muscle protein catabolism during energy restriction, provided that it contains adequate amounts of protein.
I can't recall the last time bacon and eggs made me sleepy. But I know that anytime I have a big "sugar bomb" type of meal, I'm out like a light about 30 minutes after I'm done eating. At thanksgiving, its not the turkey that gets me, its the stuffing
Supersize Me meets Northern Exposure in My Big Fat Diet when a First Nations community off Vancouver Island gives up sugar and junk food, returning to a traditional style of eating for a year to fight obesity and diabetes. Together they'll lose over 1200 lbs and are now calling on other First Nations to take the weight loss challenge.
My Big Fat Diet chronicles how the Namgis First Nation follows a diet study led by Dr. Jay Wortman and sponsored by Health Canada and the University of British Columbia. Through the stories of six people, it documents a medical and cultural experiment that may be the first of its kind in North America.
Like most aboriginal communities across North America, the rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes here are up to five times the national average.
No one's life is untouched by this problem, everyone is related to someone who is either at risk, or coping with one of these health issues. Mainstream medical professionals cite sedentary lifestyles and a diet rich in fat as the underlying reason for the growing epidemic.
But after two decades of service in public health and a distinguished career, Métis physician, Dr. Jay Wortman, believes that the western diet which replaced the traditional diet is the primary cause of the epidemic. "Obesity, diabetes and heart disease were unknown in these populations until very recently. No aboriginal language has a word for diabetes."
Wortman's conviction comes from personal experience. Four years ago, he discovered that he had type 2 diabetes. "My immediate instinctive response was to stop eating any food that caused my blood sugar to rise. So I eliminated carbohydrates from my diet. Within four weeks, my blood sugar and blood pressure had normalized and I began to feel much better."
The study diet is based on the traditional diet (wild salmon, oolichan grease) but also includes modern market foods, (bacon, eggs). i.e. foods that have protein and fat but no starch or sugar.
Permitted foods include; beef, pork, chicken, fish or seafood, cauliflower, broccoli, all the salad greens, eggs, cream, but not milk. Milk contains lactose, which is sugar.
Not permitted are starches like pasta, rice, potatoes, bread and sugar. Dr. Jay Wortman believes that it was the introduction of these by Europeans over a hundred and fifty years ago that caused the rise of diabetes and obesity. And so the key to this diet is the avoidance of starch and sugar because those were not common components of a traditional diet.
Decades of sound studies have continued to show that healthy obese people eat and behave no differently than anyone else to explain why their bodies are bigger. It’s not “overeating,” or eating “unhealthy” foods or not enough “healthy” foods, or too little activity, that explains why some of us are fat and others lean.
A report that higher dietary intakes of choline and betaine in the Greek population reduce inflammation as assessed by several biomarkers in blood........Diets high in choline are also high in eggs and meat; diets high in betaine are likely to be high in plant foods.......
In conclusion, there is evidence to support the hypothesis that low-carbohydrate diets may confer greater benefit in terms of weight loss compared with healthy-eating advice, and are not dangerous in the short term for people with and without Type 2 diabetes. Little is know about the long-term effects of these diets, and this present study is subject to post-study monitoring for 2 years with intention to report annual data.
Ketosis is a kind of soft metabolic switch, when the body burns fat primarily for fuel instead of glucose. Imagine if your car could run on both petrol and electric at the flip of a switch, and the two could be mixed to different proportions to produce different effects. Ketones are the substances produced when the body breaks down fat (dietary or body stores) for fuel in the liver. It's a dimmer switch, we all produce ketones all of the time, though those of us on a high carbohydrate Western diet don't produce very many. Our ancestors who lived during the ice ages and ate mammoth fat probably produced a lot of ketones. We usually have a higher ketone level in the morning, after an overnight fast.
The more fat we eat in relation to carbohydrate and protein, the more ketones we produce for energy, though even low-fat calorie restricted diets produce small amounts of ketones – it would be a biological impossibility to lose weight without producing them, as they are simply the by-products of all fat burning. Ketones only appear in significant amounts when insulin is lowered to a critical point. The body seems to prefer to operate either in the presence of insulin, or the presence of ketones, which bypass insulin. It does not operate more efficiently in the presence of both, as insulin suppresses ketone production. The body actually runs more efficiently on ketones than it does on insulin, as demonstrated by numerous studies available in PubMed, including the body's heart function and brain function. If you hear that ketones are "dangerous" in the media or from your doctor or nutritionist, their information is out of date and based on a misunderstanding of what diabetes is and what it does to the body.
A ketogenic diet restricts protein to the RDA amount, restricts carbohydrates to less than twenty grams, and makes the rest of the diet up with fat. This comes to 80-83% of calories from fat, about 10-13% from protein, and barely 3-5% from carbohydrate. This diet is similar to the diet recommended by the longest living type I diabetic, Dr. Richard K. Bernstein MD.
Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum 1
Background: Altering the macronutrient composition of the diet influences hunger and satiety. Studies have compared high- and low-protein diets, but there are few data on carbohydrate content and ketosis on motivation to eat and ad libitum intake.
Objective: We aimed to compare the hunger, appetite, and weight-loss responses to a high-protein, low-carbohydrate [(LC) ketogenic] and those to a high-protein, medium-carbohydrate [(MC) nonketogenic] diet in obese men feeding ad libitum.
Design: Seventeen obese men were studied in a residential trial; food was provided daily. Subjects were offered 2 high-protein (30% of energy) ad libitum diets, each for a 4-wk period—an LC (4% carbohydrate) ketogenic diet and an MC (35% carbohydrate) diet—randomized in a crossover design. Body weight was measured daily, and ketosis was monitored by analysis of plasma and urine samples. Hunger was assessed by using a computerized visual analogue system.
Results: Ad libitum energy intakes were lower with the LC diet than with the MC diet [P = 0.02; SE of the difference (SED): 0.27] at 7.25 and 7.95 MJ/d, respectively. Over the 4-wk period, hunger was significantly lower (P = 0.014; SED: 1.76) and weight loss was significantly greater (P = 0.006; SED: 0.62) with the LC diet (6.34 kg) than with the MC diet (4.35 kg). The LC diet induced ketosis with mean 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of 1.52 mmol/L in plasma (P = 0.036 from baseline; SED: 0.62) and 2.99 mmol/L in urine (P < 0.001 from baseline; SED: 0.36).
Conclusion: In the short term, high-protein, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets reduce hunger and lower food intake significantly more than do high-protein, medium-carbohydrate nonketogenic diets.
Conclusions: A reported higher protein intake appears to confer some weight-loss benefit. Cardiovascular disease risk factors, biomarkers of disease, and serum vitamins and minerals improved with no differences between groups.
A possible explanation is that the energy expenditure associated with multiple short daily sessions may be greater than that in a single daily session.
